The first trimester of pregnancy is marked by an invisible—yet amazing—transformation. And it happens quickly. Hormones trigger your body to begin nourishing the baby even before tests and a physical exam can confirm the pregnancy.
Knowing what physical and emotional changes to expect during the first trimester can help you face the months ahead with confidence.
Your body
While your first sign of pregnancy might have been a missed period, you can expect several other physical changes in the coming weeks, including:
- Tender, swollen breasts. Soon after conception, hormonal changes might make your breasts sensitive or sore. The discomfort will likely decrease after a few weeks as your body adjusts to hormonal changes.
- Nausea with or without vomiting. Morning sickness, which can strike at any time of the day or night, often begins one month after you become pregnant. This might be due to rising hormone levels. To help relieve nausea, avoid having an empty stomach. Eat slowly and in small amounts every one to two hours. Choose foods that are low in fat. Avoid foods or smells that make your nausea worse. Drink plenty of fluids. Foods containing ginger might help. Motion sickness bands, acupuncture, or hypnosis might offer relief—but get the OK from your health care provider first. Contact your health care provider if your nausea and vomiting is severe.
- Increased urination. You might find yourself urinating more often than usual. The amount of blood in your body increases during pregnancy, causing your kidneys to process extra fluid that ends up in your bladder.
- Fatigue. During early pregnancy, levels of the hormone progesterone soar—which can put you to sleep. Rest as much as you can. A healthy diet and exercise might help boost your energy.
- Food aversions. When you're pregnant, you might become more sensitive to certain odors and your sense of taste might change. Like most other symptoms of pregnancy, food preferences can be chalked up to hormonal changes.
- Heartburn. Pregnancy hormones relaxing the valve between your stomach and esophagus can allow stomach acid to leak into your esophagus, causing heartburn. To prevent heartburn, eat small, frequent meals and avoid fried foods, citrus fruits, chocolate, and spicy or fried foods.
- Constipation. High levels of the hormone progesterone can slow the movement of food through your digestive system, causing constipation. Iron supplements can add to the problem. To prevent or relieve constipation, include plenty of fiber in your diet and drink lots of fluids, especially water and prune or other fruit juices. Regular physical activity also helps.
Your emotions
Pregnancy might leave you feeling delighted, anxious, exhilarated, and exhausted—sometimes all at once. Even if you're thrilled about being pregnant, a new baby adds emotional stress to your life.
It's natural to worry about your baby's health, your adjustment to parenthood, and the financial demands of raising a child. If you're working, you might worry about how to balance the demands of family and career. You might also experience mood swings. What you're feeling is normal. Take care of yourself, and look to your loved ones for understanding and encouragement. If your mood changes become severe or intense, consult your health care provider for support.
Prenatal care
Whether you choose a family doctor, obstetrician, nurse-midwife, or other pregnancy specialist, your health care provider will treat, educate, and reassure you throughout your pregnancy.
Your first visit will focus on assessing your overall health, identifying any risk factors and determining your baby's gestational age. Your health care provider will ask detailed questions about your health history. Be honest. If you're uncomfortable discussing your health history in front of your partner, schedule a private consultation. Also expect to learn about first trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities, including prenatal cell-free DNA screening.
After the first visit, you'll probably be asked to schedule checkups every four weeks. During these appointments, discuss any concerns or fears you might have about pregnancy, childbirth, or life with a newborn. Remember, no question is silly or unimportant—and the answers can help you take care of yourself and your baby.
Updated: 2017-04-14
Publication Date: 1994-12-01
